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Family crest of Mōri Motonari

Head of the Mōri clan

Mōri Motonari

毛利元就

1497 – 1571

Son of Mōri Hiromoto, a kokujin of Aki Province, born in 1497. After his brother Okimoto died in 1516 and his nephew Komatsumaruwas in 1523, he became head of the Mōri clan. Initially expanding his influence between the Amago and Ōuchi clans, he repelled the Amago forces at the 1540-41 Kōriyama Campaign and severed ties with Mōri Harukata, who held real power in the Ōuchi clan, defeating him at the Battle of Orashikihata in 1554. He stationed his second son as Kikkawa Motoharu in the Yoshikawa clan and his third son Takakage in the Kobayakawa clan to establish the "Mōri Ryōsen System." In 1557, he issued the "Letters of Instruction to Three Sons," emphasizing the unity of the brothers. In 1566, he captured Gassan-Toda Castle and destroyed the Amago clan, becoming a daimyo controlling nearly the entire Chūgoku region until his death at Kōriyama Castle in 1571.

Sources 広島県「戦国大名とひろしま~毛利元就~」/安芸高田市「広報あきたかた」令和3年12月号/廿日市市「廿日市市文化財保存活用地域計画 資料編」/三原市「小早川隆景」/北広島町「吉川氏城館跡とは」/毛利博物館「三子教訓状」/島根県公式観光情報サイト「月山富田城跡」

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Related events

17

1517

Battle of Arita-Nakaide

Commanded the Mori and Kikkawa forces
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The Mōri and Kikkawa forces defeated Takeda Motoshige's army at Arita-Nakaide and killed Motoshige, an early Mōri victory that altered the balance of power in Aki.

1523

Month 8

Mōri Succession to Headship

Principal party
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Following the death of his nephew Komatsumaru, Mōri Motonari succeeded to the headship of the Mōri clan at the request of senior retainers. He became lord of Koriyama Castle and established the foundation for future expansion.

1525

Mōri Motonari Defects to the Ōuchi

Switched from the Amago to the Ouchi side
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Mōri Motonari left the Amago camp for the Ōuchi and thereafter served as a military commander for the Ōuchi alliance in Aki and Bingo.

1529

Mōri Motonari Destroys the Takahashi Clan

Led the conquest of the Takahashi clan
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With aid from Ōuchi forces and the Wachi of Bingo and Shishido of Aki, Mōri Motonari destroyed the Amago-aligned Takahashi clan and established a leading position among warrior leagues in Aki, Bingo, and Iwami.

1540

Month 9

Siege of Yoshida-Koriyama

Lord of Yoshida-Koriyama; led the defense
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Amago Haruhisa attacked Yoshida-Koriyama Castle, but Mōri Motonari defended it with Ōuchi reinforcements.

1546

Mōri Takamatsu Succeeds to Headship

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Mōri Motonari transferred the headship to his eldest son Takamatsu. Even after stepping down, Motonari retained actual authority over military and diplomatic matters.

1550

Establishment of Mōri Ryōkawa System

Principal party
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Mōri Motonari sent his second son Motoharu as an adopted heir to the Kikkawa clan and his third son Takataka to the Numata Kobayakawa clan, tasking them with commanding the Seto Inland Sea naval forces and defending the Sanin region.

1554

Month 6

Battle of Oshikibata

Principal party
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Mōri Motonari, who had broken with the Suo clan, defeated Miyagawa Kai-no-kami of the Suo forces at Oshikibata. This victory led to the Battle of Miyoshima the following year, 1555.

1555

Month 10

Battle of Itsukushima

Mori commander in chief; led the surprise attack
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Mōri Motonari crossed to Itsukushima, struck Sue Harukata's camp and broke it. The Ōuchi lost their grip on power and the Mōri rose in the Chūgoku region.

1557

Month 5

Mōri Pacification of Suō and Nagato

Led the conquest of the former Ouchi domains
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Mōri Motonari advanced into Suō and Nagato and took control of the former Ōuchi territories.

5/1

The Suō–Nagato Campaign and the Fall of the Ōuchi

Commander of the Mōri army
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After the victory at Itsukushima, Mōri Motonari invaded Suō and Nagato, took Yamaguchi and drove Ōuchi Yoshinaga into Nagato. Yoshinaga took his own life at Chōfuku-ji and the Ōuchi house came to an end.

11/25

Letter of Instruction to Three Sons (Sanshi Kyōkunjō)

Principal party
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Mōri Motonari wrote and presented a fourteen-article letter of instruction to his three sons—eldest Takamatsu, second Motoharu, and third Takataka. The document emphasized the unity of the three brothers.

1560

Month 2

Consolidation of Iwami Silver Mine Control

Took control of the Iwami silver mine
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Mōri Motonari secures control of the Iwami Silver Mine, further strengthening his financial base.

Month 10

Expansion of Mōri Control in Chūgoku

Attacked the Amago remnants
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Mōri Motonari attacks remnants of the Amago in San’in, expanding his sphere of influence.

1563

Mōri Takamatsu's Sudden Death and Terutoto's Succession

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Mōri Takamatsu died suddenly during an expedition to Izumo, and his grandson Terutoto succeeded to the headship. Motonari became Terutoto's guardian.

1566

Gassan-Toda Castle Opens

Principal party
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The Mōri army cornered the Amago clan's headquarters at Gassan-Toda Castle with a prolonged siege, and Amago Yoshihisa surrendered, causing the castle to open. The Mōri clan brought Izumo and Hōki under their control.

1571

6/14

Mōri Motonari Dies at Age 75

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Mōri Motonari died of illness at Koriyama Castle at age 75. After that, his grandson Terutoto inherited the Mōri clan with the support of his two uncles Kikkawa Motoharu and Kobayakawa Takataka.

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